Do your gums bleed easily? A dentist shares their advice

Everything you need to know.

Bleeding gums can be alarming, and if you’ve experienced this, you’re not alone. Many people notice their gums bleeding when they brush or floss, but it’s important to understand why this happens and what you can do about it. In this article, we’ll explore the common causes of bleeding gums, how to treat and prevent it and when it’s crucial to seek professional dental advice.

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Gums, or gingiva, are the soft tissue that surrounds your teeth and provides a seal around them. They play a critical role in maintaining oral health by protecting the teeth and underlying bone from bacteria. Healthy gums are firm and pink and do not bleed easily. Bleeding gums can be attributed to several factors and below, we unpack the most common causes.

Common causes of bleeding gums

The first is plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on your teeth. If not removed through regular brushing and flossing, plaque can harden into tartar, irritating the gums and leading to bleeding.

Gingivitis is the early stage of gum disease, characterised by red, swollen and bleeding gums. It’s often caused by poor oral hygiene, which allows plaque to accumulate and irritate the gums. If gingivitis is not treated, it can progress to periodontitis, a more severe form of gum disease. This condition can lead to the destruction of the gum tissue and the bone that supports your teeth.

Another common cause is a lack of essential vitamins, particularly vitamin C and vitamin K, leading to gums bleeding more easily. These vitamins are crucial for maintaining healthy gum tissue. Hormonal changes during pregnancy, menstruation or menopause can make gums more sensitive and prone to bleeding, as can certain medications, such as blood thinners. It’s important to inform your dentist about any medications you’re taking.

Symptoms of gum disease

Recognising the symptoms of gum disease early can help prevent more serious conditions. Symptoms include red, swollen gums, persistent bad breath, loose teeth and receding gums.

When to see a dentist

While occasional gum bleeding can be normal, persistent bleeding is a sign that you need to see a dentist. Regular dental check-ups are essential to maintain gum health and address any issues before they become serious.

Diagnosis of gum problems

Your dentist will perform a thorough examination to diagnose gum problems. This may include a dental examination where they check the health of your gums and teeth, X-rays to see if there is any bone loss and periodontal probing, where they measure the depth of the pockets between your teeth and gums.

Treatment options

There are several gum disease treatment options available depending on the severity of your gum condition. A professional dental cleaning removes plaque and tartar that can’t be removed with regular brushing and flossing.

Then there is scaling and root planing which is a deep-cleaning procedure that removes tartar from below the gumline and smooths the roots of the teeth to help the gums reattach. In some cases, your dentist may prescribe antibiotics to treat infection and reduce inflammation. For advanced gum disease, surgical options like flap surgery or bone and tissue grafts may be necessary.

Homecare for healthy gums

Maintaining healthy gums starts with good oral hygiene practices at home. Proper brushing technique is essential. Brush your teeth at least twice a day with a soft-bristled toothbrush, hold the toothbrush at a 45-degree angle to your gums and use short, gentle strokes.

Make sure you floss daily to remove plaque and food particles from between your teeth and under the gumline. Using an antiseptic mouthwash can help reduce bacteria and maintain gum health too. Lastly, eating a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables will provide the nutrients necessary for healthy gums.

Preventive measures

Preventing gum disease is easier than treating it and regular dental visits for cleanings and check-ups are a key part of this. Smoking can significantly increase the risk of gum disease so quitting is essential, and excessive alcohol can irritate your gums and contribute to poor oral hygiene.

High stress levels can affect your immune system and make it harder to fight off infection too, so find an effective way to manage your stress. Conditions like diabetes can also affect gum health, so managing overall health is crucial too.

The role of nutrition in gum health

Good nutrition is vital for healthy gums. Get enough essential vitamins and minerals by ensuring your diet includes plenty of vitamin C, vitamin K and calcium. Make sure foods like citrus fruits, leafy greens, dairy products and nuts feature regularly in your diet too. Conversely, you should limit sugary foods and drinks, as they can contribute to plaque buildup.

Common myths about gum health

Several myths about gum health need to be debunked. The first is that bleeding gums are normal. This is incorrect, and persistent bleeding is a sign of gum disease. Secondly, some people believe that brushing harder will stop gums bleeding, but in actual fact, brushing too hard can damage your gums. The final myth is that gum disease is not serious. In reality, untreated gum disease can lead to tooth loss and other health issues.

Maintaining healthy gums is essential for overall oral health. If your gums bleed easily, it could be a sign that you need to improve your oral hygiene or seek professional dental advice. Regular dental visits, proper home care and a healthy lifestyle can go a long way in preventing and treating gum problems. And remember, healthy gums are the foundation of a healthy smile.

This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be considered as medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment of any medical condition. For more information on gum health and other dental concerns, please visit your dentist. To learn more about bleeding gums, head here.